Motherhood can also lead to interruptions in women’s career paths and have an impact on long-term earnings. One-in-four employed women said they had earned less than a man who was doing the same job just 5% of men said they had earned less than a woman doing the same job. One of the most commonly reported forms of discrimination focused on earnings inequality. In a 2017 Pew Research Center survey, about four-in-ten working women (42%) said they had experienced gender discrimination at work, compared with about two-in-ten men (22%). Other factors that are difficult to measure, including gender discrimination, may also contribute to the ongoing wage discrepancy.
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This may contribute to gender differences in pay.
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The narrowing of the gap is attributable in large part to gains women have made in each of these dimensions.Įven though women have increased their presence in higher-paying jobs traditionally dominated by men, such as professional and managerial positions, women as a whole continue to be overrepresented in lower-paying occupations relative to their share of the workforce. Much of this gap has been explained by measurable factors such as educational attainment, occupational segregation and work experience. In 2019, full-time, year-round working women earned 82% of what their male counterparts earned, according to the Census Bureau’s most recent analysis. Census Bureau has also analyzed the gender pay gap, though its analysis looks only at full-time workers (as opposed to full- and part-time workers). To understand how we calculate the gender pay gap, see our 2013 post, “ How Pew Research Center measured the gender pay gap.”
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The most recent data is from 2020 Current Population Survey Merged Outgoing Rotation Group (MORG) files. Historically, men have earned more on average than women, but the gap has slowly closed over time. The gender pay gap measures the difference in median hourly earnings between men and women who work full- or part-time in the U.S.